Gustav Klimt was an Austrian painter born in Vienna in 1862. He entered the Vienna School of Applied Arts at the age of 14. While still a student, he founded the "Art Company" with his brother Ernst and classmate Franz Matsch, and received commissions such as the decorations for the procession celebrating the silver wedding anniversary of Emperor Franz Joseph and his Empress, and the murals for the Kunsthistorisches Museum at the Burgtheater. In 1888, he was awarded the Gold Cross of Merit by the Emperor. In 1891, he joined the Vienna Artists Association. The following year, both his father and Ernst died. In 1894, the Ministry of Education commissioned Klimt to paint the ceiling of the Great Lecture Hall of the University of Vienna, and Klimt was in charge of the paintings Medicine, Philosophy, and Law, but they were criticized for not being suitable for traditional forms of expression, and the exhibition was ultimately withdrawn.
In 1907, he left the Vienna Artists' Association. In rebellion against the conservative system, the Vienna Secession was formed and he was appointed its first president. The Vienna Secession aimed to create a "total art" that combined painting, sculpture, architecture, design and decoration, and also introduced art from other countries. In 1902, at a Secession exhibition centered on Max Klinger's "Portrait of Beethoven," Klimt exhibited his series of murals, "Beethoven Frieze" (1902).
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In 1903, he traveled to Ravenna, Italy. He was impressed by the mosaics and established the "Golden Style" represented by "The Kiss" (1907-08). The Golden Style was influenced by Egyptian art and Japanese gold screens, and sensually depicted themes of love, life and death on a shallow screen studded with gold decoration. In his later years, he produced decorative but subdued works such as "The Maidens" (1915) and "Life and Death" (reproduced in 1915). He also produced many landscapes throughout his life, and his favorite subject was the shores of Lake Attersee. He also participated in the Wiener Werkstätte, which was founded by Josef Hoffmann and others. Klimt's "Fulfillment" and "Expectation" (1905-09) and other works decorated the walls of the dining room of the home of businessman Adolf Stoklet, which can be said to be the culmination of the "beauty of utility" advocated by the Wiener Werkstätte. He died in 1918.
